My week of rushing between concurrent sessions at the World Fisheries Congress in Yokohama, Japan has come to a close. An amazing diversity of fisheries science was presented from all around the world - and it was fantastic to meet so many wonderful people. One highlight was a special ceremony held in the middle of the conference. The Emperor and Empress of Japan made an appearance, and similar to the opening keynote presentations, the Emperor spoke of the dire situation of the world's oceans and very humbly admitted to all the mistakes Japan has made. It turns out that the Emperor is a biologist himself, and the author of a decent number of papers on the speciation of gobi fish. The love of fish runs very deep in the Japanese culture.
By far, the very last session I attended at the conference was the most interesting. It dealt with use and management rights of fishers and the role these rights play in sustainable fisheries management. I presented during this session on Canada's Pacific salmon fisheries. Establishing effective user rights, such as allocating specific areas for exclusive use of a community of fisheries (i.e., Territorial User Rights Fisheries, or TURFs), can create incentives where the fishing communities become the most ardent protectors of fish stocks and their habitat. One of the key conclusions of this session was that no one method of establishing user rights is the best way to manage the issue, and local conditions are critical to finding a system that works. With all of this new knowledge I look forward to working with our Pacific salmon stakeholder community in Canada to find new ways to approach the fishery to conserve salmon and our fisheries.
The 5th World Fisheries Congress is underway in Yokohama. This meeting occurs once every four years and brings together fisheries scientists from across the globe to discuss and debate the future direction of sustainable fisheries management. I will be presenting on the third day of the conference on the David Suzuki Foundation’s Pacific salmon fisheries reform project.
The conference has just started, and so far, the tone has clearly been set. Emphasized by the very strong cultural association and dependence of the host nation on fisheries resources, all of the opening ceremony and keynote speakers have very clearly identified the oceans crisis, including the critical role of fisheries in degrading ocean ecosystems and the importance of wild capture fisheries to providing food and employment to the world’s most vulnerable people.
Despite this dire outlook, it is inspiring to witness the energy and passion of scientists from around the world who are dedicated to solving this crisis. I hope to contribute to the discussion and do my part to ensure Canada is part of finding solutions and setting an example of responsible and sustainable fisheries for the world.
Check back soon – I’ll give my impressions of how it all went.
Friday was the big day, the Flick Off finale in Ottawa's Confederation Park, with the featured speaker David Suzuki.
It started around 12 noon, when Suzuki boarded the train to meet the student winners from the RBC online contest. They seemed enthralled and almost giddy when he entered the train car, kind of like that scene in the Matrix when Neo meets Morpheus.
The Doc is a incredibly busy guy, and at age 72 he isn't showing any signs of slowing down.
The colorful trees in the park provided a fantastic backdrop to the speakers and the bands. Faisal and José spoke really well, as did David Brooks, a water policy expert. And of course the Constantines and Spiral Beach rocked the house. (I must remember to buy copies of their CDs--I was too busy at today's show to buy them and get them signed.)
It was inspiring to see Suzuki pull out his stops and explain climate change an Canada's lax environmental policies in ways that even I could understand. Although I've seen him dozens of times in the six years I've been at DSF--I've never failed to be blown away by his speeches. It's like watching a master at work:
Yo-Yo Ma playing a Bach concerto. Jackson Pollock painting a masterpiece. And David Suzuki giving a public talk.
On the train back to Toronto tonight, I had a chance to talk to some of the RBC contest winners. The students are so smart--so much more attuned to current events and the world than I ever was. I wonder what kind of Canada they'll have in ten years. I remain optimistic.
To read the rest of Dominic's reports from the tour check out the Flick Off Express blog.
Less than a day to go to the election and, as I feared, the environment has disappeared from election discourse. All the leaders are scrambling to respond to a tanking global economy. But who has considered this crisis to ask some really important questions like how did politicians sell us out to forces of the global economy that are out of our control? I was astounded at the panic in the U.S. government that led that it to pass, in a matter of days, a bill committing $700 BILLION to banks that merrily made oodles of money in a phoney scheme that was built on nothing. It looks as though even 700-billion big ones will not be enough to pull us out of a severe recession, if not a full-blown depression. I’m already in full-blown depression about where we are heading.
Former U.S. vice-president and Nobel Prize winner Al Gore is always saying that the Chinese character for crisis is made up of two parts. One part is “danger” and the other is “opportunity”, and I couldn’t agree more. Surely in a time of great crisis – and the economy and energy situation are crises – we should be asking some profound questions like, “How did we get into this mess?”, “What are our options for a sustainable future?” and “How much is enough?” It doesn’t make sense to simply shovel more money into a system that is so clearly defective.
The term sustainability has become so overused that it’s almost lost its meaning. It means living within the productive capacity of the biosphere without compromising its availability for our children and all future generations. So let’s think about energy. Fossil and nuclear fuels are non-renewable, meaning they will run out, so no society can think in terms of genuine sustainability if it is based on these fuels. Add to that the fact that nuclear and fossil fuels aren’t evenly distributed and often tend to be concentrated in geopolitically volatile regions, and that only creates more problems. On top of that, using fossil and nuclear fuels generates huge problems of global warming and radioactive waste that our children and grandchildren will have to live with.
And when you reflect on the explosive rise in prices for both fossil and nuclear fuels, you have to realize it just doesn’t make any sense to build a future around them. The sun radiates massive amounts of clean energy, every day, on almost all parts of the Earth. Plants use sunlight and carbon dioxide in photosynthesis to provide all the energy we have in our bodies, and still there’s lots of sunlight left over to power our electrical grids. The sun creates tides and the sunlight interacting with the planet generates wind that we can use.
A real sustainable energy future must be based on the sun’s beneficence. At this moment, rather than trying to extract every last drop of oil and gas from increasingly remote, hostile places or low-grade ecologically expensive sources like tar sands and oil shale, or commencing a program of nuclear energy that will be incredibly expensive and take years to get up and running, why not put a fraction of what is being spent on Iraq or banks into windmills and solar panels that will immediately start to put energy on the grid? It will create huge numbers of sustainable jobs.
We are at the very beginning of a revolution in renewable energy, and I believe huge breakthroughs will come from investing in more research and development. The energy crisis is a huge opportunity to focus on sustainability and the potential for clean energy and lots of jobs.
I have found that the
most difficult challenge is getting people to change behaviour. When
I walk down the street, I often see people hunch their shoulders and
look at me sheepishly as if to say, “I know, I know. I have to
sell my SUV.” Hey, I’m not Mr. Perfect, giving everyone
else shit for not being like me. I’m a sinner too. I fly far
too much, and although I have offset my flying carbon emissions for
four years, I have to reduce my actual emissions. I’ve been
doing that by lumping commitments so I only have to fly once for
several things; by taking the train between Toronto, Ottawa, and
Montreal; and more and more, by doing talks by videoconference.
Still, how do we get
people who are comfortable and in a nice rut to look at the world
differently and make changes? Half the books I’ve written have
been for children, not because I believe we have time to wait for
them to grow up and replace us, but because if children tell parents
they’re worried and want change, how can any parent avoid not
acting?
There must be a science
to all this. How on earth did our attitude to smoking undergo such an
amazing change over the past decade? There’s gotta be a lesson
there.
Lately I’ve been
thinking about something else. Ten years ago, if you went to a public
toilet, nine times out of 10 a guy who used the urinal would walk out
without washing his hands. That’s just the way it was. Today,
I’m amazed that it’s exactly the opposite: almost all men
wash their hands after pissing. How in the world did that come about?
Was there a propaganda machine I somehow missed? Are little boys
being taught that from kindergarten on? I am very serious: How in the
world did this seismic shift happen? We gotta find out so we can
apply it to environmental issues. Got any ideas?
The great British economist John Maynard Keynes wrote that there are many things that nations should share – sports, culture, music, art, etc. – but, he warned, “Keep your economy profoundly domestic.” We didn’t pay much attention as governments around the world, and especially in Canada, rushed to benefit from the vaunted claims of the global economy.
Despite his election with a minority of public support, Brian Mulroney entered into a Free Trade agreement with the U.S., and after him, Jean Chrétien signed NAFTA. But I remember watching Prime Minister Mulroney on the Larry King Live Show on CNN. Mulroney was boasting about his record as prime minister when King interjected, “But I understand that Canada’s economy isn’t in good shape right now,” to which Mulroney replied, “But that’s because of the global economy and I can’t be blamed for what happens there.”
But wait – if we elect people to watch out for us and lead us into the future, and if the global economy is beyond our control, why are those people rushing to put us into that system? And look at the present time: Our finance minister is saying the same thing: that Canada’s economy is subject to the forces of the global economy. Doesn’t anyone pay attention to Keynes? What’s going on here? The very people we look to for leadership are abandoning their responsibility by turning us over to global market forces. Can someone please explain this to me?
I’m not an economist, so when I read the news these days, I find myself going crazy because I just don’t understand what’s going on. For years, two great superpowers, America and the Soviet Union, went head-to-head, one advocating free-enterprise capitalism, the other communism – and the good guys won.
For decades, North Americans have been told that anything smacking of socialism was bad. Indeed, in the U.S. some even feel government itself is an enemy of the people. So government regulation is bad. Socialized medicine is bad. Welfare is bad. Regulation is bad. Trust the free market, we are told.
So what I see is a free market where the main players’ sole function is to make money, and not to provide employment, not to create wealth to provide social services, just to make money, and the more and faster, the better. And boy, it works. Remember Enron?
And now it seems these bright boys in banks had a great idea that I’m too stupid to understand. They believed that the price of real estate will inevitably rise. It was a truth like the second law of thermodynamics. So they arranged mortgages for people with no money and no collateral (some call this NINA, for “no income, no assets”) and then bundled up these mortgages and sold them on the stock market. I’m kinda lost here. And guess what? Property prices faltered, and when the banks came calling, people couldn’t make payments and had to forfeit their property, and the whole house of cards collapsed. But we have a global economy, and this pernicious setup reverberates around the world, so these great scions of free enterprise are now begging the government for taxpayers’ money. Isn’t that welfare? Isn’t that what they tried to stamp out? I just don’t get it.
Another thing: After the oil crisis of 1973 when OPEC flexed its muscles with an embargo, there was huge pressure on Detroit to increase the fuel efficiency of cars. The automakers fought any regulations tooth and nail, but the imposed standards worked, and fuel efficiency rose steadily. But then Detroit found if they put an auto body on a truck chassis, their emissions standards could be those of trucks. SUVs were a money fountain and boy, did they make a lot of money. But then, California politicians decided their pollution problem needed laws to require higher fuel-efficiency standards. What happened? The big automakers, including Toyota, sued California. They’re still suing the state. But now the big three Detroit companies are tanking as gas prices change consumers’ choices. And guess what? The Detroit automakers are begging Washington for money so they can build fuel-efficient cars! I just don’t get it. Would someone please explain it
Everybody uses the term sustainability these days, and that’s great. As biological creatures, we depend on resources and energy to live, as do all other species. For most of human existence, we’ve used materials from our surroundings: wood, animals, water, rocks, etc. Much of it was renewable. Nature replenished what we used. Today, we should use these renewable resources at a level at which they can be replenished year after year. We should use materials that aren’t renewable, like minerals, very carefully and efficiently, and we should recycle them.
Almost all species depend on photosynthesis for energy. That is, plants capture the energy of sunlight and transform it into chemical energy that they can store and use when needed. Animals like us exploit that sunlight by eating plants or animals that eat plants to recover that stored energy. We also release energy by burning peat, dung, wood, coal, gas, and oil, all of it some form of stored energy from photosynthesis. But fossil fuels are not renewable. They are finite, and now we are burning them on such a scale that the resultant greenhouse gas (CO2) is building up and trapping more heat.
We have also learned to use the energy of uranium in nuclear power plants, but uranium is also finite and non-renewable, and we have no known safe way to dispose of the radioactive wastes. So by exploiting fossil fuels and uranium, we are not only using up non-renewable resources, we are also bequeathing a legacy of problems for our children and grandchildren. That is not sustainable.
Furthermore, uranium and fossil fuels, especially oil and gas, are not evenly distributed over the planet. They occur in often highly volatile political regions like the Middle East, Russia, Venezuela, and Nigeria.
So when the crisis of climate change is focusing our attention on fossil fuels, we have a huge opportunity to shift to a truly renewable and more equitable form of energy, namely sunlight with its associated wind, waves, tides, and biomass. If the U.S. government can make a commitment of $600 billion to a war in Iraq (Nobel Prize–winning economist Joseph Stiglitz thinks the bill could be $3 trillion) and $700 billion to failing banks to ensure security, think of what it could do with even a fraction of those dollars to get us off fossil fuels and onto renewable energy. Now that would be true security from the geopolitics of oil.
When I give speeches, one of my main messages is that the key to our
remarkable success as a species is foresight – the ability to look
ahead, to see where the dangers and opportunities lie, so that we can
then act accordingly. It is one feature that distinguishes us from all
other animals. It’s worked for us. In only a hundred thousand years, we
went from being just another species on the plains of Africa to the
dominant animal on the planet.
I was recently in San Jose, California, to speak at the Third Annual West Coast Green Conference. It was a forum to display programs and products that are leading the green revolution. I was impressed by the number of booths (several Canadian) in the cavernous building.